Running along the border between the constellations of Canis Major the Big Dog and Monoceros the Unicorn in the southern sky, the Seagull Nebula is a huge cloud mostly made of hydrogen gas. It’s an example of what astronomers refer to as an HII region. Hot new stars form within these clouds, and their intense ultraviolet radiation causes the surrounding gas to glow brightly.
The reddish hue in this image is a telltale sign of the presence of ionized hydrogen. The Seagull Nebula, known more formally as IC 2177, is a complex object with a bird-like shape that is made up of three large clouds of gas: Sharpless 2-292 forms the “head”; this new image shows part of Sharpless 2-296, which comprises the large “wings”; and Sharpless 2-297 is a small, knotty addition to the tip of the gull’s right “wing”.
These objects are all entries in the Sharpless nebula catalog, a list of more than 300 glowing clouds of gas compiled by American astronomer Stewart Sharpless in the 1950s. Before he published this catalog, Sharpless was a graduate student at Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin, where he and his colleagues published observational work that helped show that the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy with vast, curved arms.
Spiral galaxies can contain thousands of HII regions, almost all of which are concentrated along their spiral arms. The Seagull Nebula lies in one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way. But this is not the case for all galaxies; while irregular galaxies do contain HII regions, these are jumbled up throughout the galaxy, and elliptical galaxies are different yet again — appearing to lack these regions altogether. The presence of HII regions indicates that active star formation is still in progress in a galaxy.
This image of Sharpless 2-296 was captured by the Wide Field Imager (WFI), a large camera mounted on the MPG/ESO 2.2-meter telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory in Chile. It shows only a small section of the nebula, a large cloud that is furiously forming hot stars in its interior. The frame shows Sharpless 2-296 lit up by several particularly bright young stars — there are many other stars scattered across the region, including one so bright that stands out as the gull’s “eye” in pictures of the entire complex.
