NGC 253 gleams about 11.5 million light-years away in the southern constellation Sculptor. It is often just called the Sculptor Galaxy, although other descriptive names include the Silver Coin or Silver Dollar Galaxy. It is easy to get a good look at NGC 253 through binoculars as it is one of the brightest galaxies in the sky after the Milky Way’s closest, big galactic neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy.
Astronomers have noted the widespread active star formation in NGC 253 and labeled it a “starburst” galaxy. The many bright clumps dotting the galaxy are stellar nurseries where hot young stars have just ignited. The radiation streaming from these giant blue-white babies makes the surrounding hydrogen gas clouds glow brightly (green in this image).
The German-British astronomer Caroline Herschel, the sister of the famed astronomer William Herschel, discovered this nearby spiral galaxy as she searched for comets in 1783. The Herschels would have been delighted by the crisp, richly detailed view of NGC 253 that the VST can provide.
This latest image of NGC 253 was taken during VST’s science verification phase, when the telescope’s scientific performance is assessed before it enters operations. The VST data are being combined with infrared images from VISTA to identify the younger generations of stars in NGC 253. This picture is more than 12,000 pixels across, and the superb sky conditions at ESO’s Paranal Observatory, combined with the fine telescope optics, resulted in sharp star images over the entire image.
The VST is a 2.6-meter wide-field survey telescope with a 1° field of view — twice as broad as the Full Moon. The 268-megapixel camera OmegaCAM at its heart is designed to map the sky both quickly and with fine image quality. VST is the largest telescope in the world designed to exclusively survey the sky in visible light, complementing ESO’s VISTA infrared survey telescope, also located at Paranal.
Zooming into this new picture not only allows a detailed inspection of the star-forming spiral arms of the galaxy to be made, but also reveals a rich tapestry of much more distant galaxies far beyond NGC 253.
