Kepler discovers 461 new planet candidates

The findings show a steady increase in the number of smaller-sized planet candidates and the number of stars with more than one candidate.

Since the last Kepler catalog was released in February 2012, the number of candidates discovered in the Kepler data has increased by 20 percent and now totals 2,740 potential planets orbiting 2,036 stars. Based on observations conducted May 2009 to March 2011, the most dramatic increases are seen in the number of Earth-sized and super-Earth-sized candidates discovered, which grew by 43 and 21 percent, respectively. Scientists analyzed more than 13,000 transit-like signals called “threshold crossing events” to eliminate known spacecraft instrumentation and astrophysical false positives, phenomena that masquerade as planetary candidates, to identify the potential new planets. // Credit: NASA

NASA’s Kepler mission announced January 7 the discovery of 461 new planet candidates. Four of the potential new planets are less than twice the size of Earth and orbit in their sun’s “habitable zone” — the region in the planetary system where liquid water might exist on the surface of a planet.

Based on observations conducted from May 2009 to March 2011, the findings show a steady increase in the number of smaller-sized planet candidates and the number of stars with more than one candidate.

“There is no better way to kick off the start of the Kepler extended mission than to discover more possible outposts on the frontier of potentially life-bearing worlds,” said Christopher Burke of the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California.

Since the last Kepler catalog was released in February 2012, the number of candidates discovered in the Kepler data has increased by 20 percent and now totals 2,740 potential planets orbiting 2,036 stars. The most dramatic increases are seen in the number of Earth-sized and super-Earth-sized candidates discovered, which grew by 43 and 21 percent, respectively.

The new data increase the number of stars discovered to have more than one planet candidate from 365 to 467. Today, 43 percent of Kepler’s planet candidates are observed to have neighbor planets.

“The large number of multicandidate systems being found by Kepler implies that a substantial fraction of exoplanets reside in flat multiplanet systems,” said Jack Lissauer of NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. “This is consistent with what we know about our own planetary neighborhood.”

The Kepler space telescope identifies planet candidates by repeatedly measuring the change in brightness of more than 150,000 stars in search of planets that pass in front of, or “transit,” their host star. At least three transits are required to verify a signal as a potential planet.

Scientists analyzed more than 13,000 transit-like signals to eliminate known spacecraft instrumentation and astrophysical false positives — phenomena that masquerade as planetary candidates — to identify the potential new planets.

Candidates require additional follow-up observations and analyses to be confirmed as planets. At the beginning of 2012, 33 candidates in the Kepler data had been confirmed as planets. Today, there are 105.

“The analysis of increasingly longer time periods of Kepler data uncovers smaller planets in longer period orbits — orbital periods similar to Earth’s,” said Steve Howell, Kepler from Ames. “It is no longer a question of will we find a true Earth analog, but a question of when.”

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